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Cardiac Cycle

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Description of the Cardiac Cycle: There are 4 phases in the cardiac cycle: 1st Diastole period- the deoxygenated blood goes into the right atrium and the AV node sends a signal for the heart to contract which leads the blood through the right atrium to the right ventricle 1st Systole period- the ventricles receive impulses from the purkinje fibers which causes them to contract. Then the blood travels to the pulmonary artery and towards the lungs to become oxygenated 2nd Diastole period-  the oxygenated blood within the pulmonary veins goes into the left atrium. Then the SA node sends a signal for the atria to contract which leads to the blood going to the left ventricle. 2nd Systole period- the ventricles receive signals and contract so the blood is pushed into the aorta which branches out into the rest of the body to provide oxygen. Systole- is the contraction of a heart chamber  Diastole-  is the relaxation of a heart chamber Normal Range...
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Cardiac Output

Cardiac output is the amount of blood pumped by the heart in one minute measured in liters. The heart rate and stroke volume is what determines cardiac output. Stroke volume is the volume of blood pumped during systole.  Formula for Cardiac output: CO = HR  X  SV Cardiac Output = Heartrate times stroke volume
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Homeostatic Imbalances

Homeostatic Imbalances are the disturbance of homeostasis. A few homeostatic imbalance examples are: Angina Pectoris: Lack of O2 to the myocardium Myocardial Infarct: heart attack Valve Prolapse: leaky valve may hear a murmur Pericarditis: inflammation of the pericardium Tachycardia: fast heartrate Bradycardia: slow heartrate Coronary Atherosclerosis: lipid deposits on artery walls Congestive Heart Failure: inability of the heart to pump efficiently, back up of the blood. Necrosis: tissue death Ischemia: decrease in blood supply Aneurysm: weak area in wall of vessel
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Blood Flow

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Blood Flow: (deoxygenated blood) Superior/ Inferior vena cava,  Right Atrium, Tricuspid valve, Right Ventricle, Pulmonic valve, Pulmonary artery, Lungs (oxygenated blood), Pulmonary veins, Left Atrium, Bicuspid valve, Left Ventricle, Aortic valve, Aorta, Rest of the body
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Diagram

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The cross-section of the heart, including labeled chambers and valves
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Intrinsic Conduction System

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Intrinsic Conduction System: A network of autorhythmic cells that initiate and distribute impulses to coordinate the depolarization and contraction of the heart. Its name implies that it is inside the heart. Step 1: Stimulation of the Sinoatrial Node Step 2: Stimulation of the Atrioventricular Node Step 3: Propagation to the AV bundle Step 4: Splitting into the bundle branches Step 5: Propagation up the Purkinje fibers
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